In this case, Voltage Pictures, LLC, a group of production companies (“Voltage”), sought certification of a respondent class proceeding, known as a “reverse class action.” Voltage alleged copyright infringement of five of its films and contended that the Appellant, and Respondent on cross-appeal, Robert Salna, had infringed its copyright by enabling the films to be downloaded through BitTorrent, a protocol for peer-to-peer sharing.